EDU INDIA

J&K Special autonomy: Temporary or permanent On August 15, 1947, when India and Pakistan became independent states, the kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir did not cede to either dominion. Instead, its maharaja proposed a “Standstill Agreement” with both countries. Pakistan entered into a Standstill Agreement with Jammu and Kashmir, but India did not. It wanted to hold further negotiations. And on October 26, 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession whereby Jammu and Kashmir agreed to accede to the Union of India. The first India-Pakistan war over the accession of Jammu and Kashmir led to a delay in the integration of the state with the Union. Since the Constitution of India was being drafted during the tussle over Kashmir, it was felt that a transitional provision had to be included in it regarding the relationship between India and the state. This was to be an interim arrangement till the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir had been elect...

What is Article 35A? It is a constitutional provision that allows the Jammu-Kashmir assembly to define permanent residents of the state. According to the Jammu-Kashmir constitution, a Permanent Resident is defined as a person who was a state subject on May 14, 1954, or who has been residing in the state for a period of 10 years, and has “lawfully acquired immovable property in the state”. Historical Background of Article 35A: The need to make a distinction between permanent and non-permanent residents can be traced back to an agitation by Kashmiri Pandits against the hiring of Punjabis in the state administration, which eventually led to a 1927 law promulgated by Maharaja Hari Singh that sought to provide certain  privileges to permanent residents , especially in the purchase of land. Because of the special circumstances surrounding the accession to India and the guarantee of special status, representatives of Jammu and Kashmir felt the law regarding per...

Jammu & Kashmir The  Kashmir conflict  is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. China has at times played a minor role. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir, including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965, as well as the Kargil War of 1999. The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier. The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley. The root of conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian government is tied to a dispute over local autonomy and based on the demand for self-determination. Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s, and by 1988, many of the democratic reforms introduced by the Indian Government had been reversed. Non-violent channels for expressing discontent were thereafter limited and caused...

Triple talaq issue Types of Talaq in Islam: Muslim Personal Law says that a talaq can either be given by the husband or by the wife. It can also be a mutual divorce. Talaq given by husband: "Talaq-e-Sunnat" or "Talaq-ul-Raje":  It is a revocable divorce that can be pronounced in Hasan or Ahsan forms. "Talaq-e-Ahsan":  It is the 'most proper' form of talaq in which the husband expresses divorce in single sentence - "I have divorced thee" - during the period of tuhr (when the wife is not menstruating) and then has to wait till the iddat period is over. Iddat period for a woman  who has been divorced by her husband is usually three monthly periods and during this time, she cannot marry another man. If before the completion of iddat, the husband resumes co-habitation with his wife or says that "I have retained thee", the divorce is revoked. In case the woman is pregnant, the iddat period lasts until she give...

In the past few years the trend of UPSC Prelims has been towards factual instead of conceptual questions and towards more and more current affairs than static portion. That trend still continues but unlike last year when there were a disproportionately large no of Current Affairs and factual questions, this year there was renewed focus on conceptual and applied questions. Also, the questions tested knowledge across varied dimensions. The paper was definitely more difficult than last year. And consequently, the cut off also is going to come down. As usual the IAS Prelims exam surprised many people who went in the exam hall expecting the paper to conform to set patterns. The paper seemed very easy at first glance, but it was not so easy because options were very close plus in some questions like and in some questions very specific details were asked. As usual UPSC maintains its reputation of being Unpredictable Service Commission by asking tricky questions which not only tested conce...

  #1.  Cutoff for Previous Years Note:  PH-1 category includes Orthopedically Handicapped (OH) people, PH-2 includes Visually Handicapped (VH) and PH-3 includes Hearing Handicapped (HH) people.  Civil Services Examination, 2015 The minimum qualifying standards (marks)/marks secured by the last recommended candidate in various categories at various stages are as under: Exam General OBC SC ST PH‐1 PH‐2 PH‐3 CS(Prel.)* 107.34 106.00 94.00 91.34 90.66 76.66 40.00 CS(Main)# 676 630 622 617 580 627 504 CS(Final) 877 834 810 801 802 830 697 * Cut off marks on the basis of GS Paper‐I only. However, GS Paper‐II was qualifying with 33% (66.66) marks. # Subject to 10% marks in each of the seven competitive papers i.e. Essay, GS‐I, GS‐II, GS‐III, GS‐IV, Optional‐I and Optional‐II.   Civil Services Examination, 2014 The minimum qualifying stand...

  With hardly 30 days left for prelims, these are anxious times in the lives of UPSC Civil services aspirants. What to read, what to revise, and how to maximize your marks using the remaining time are the questions that regularly come to one’s mind. As the D Day nears, you must be feeling the heat of preparation as well as of the weather. So, whether you are a beginner who has just started or an experienced aspirant who has cleared Pre multiple times, let’s discuss the importance of these 30 odd days to increase your chances of clearing UPSC CSE Pre 2017.   For the next 30 days focus on the Mantra of “Simplify, Streamline, Succeed”   How to Simplify your preparation? Stick to the core topics Firstly, do not try to do overshoot at this moment and increase your coverage. Instead do the opposite, and focus on the most important areas of the syllabus. Current Affairs (CA), Environment & Ecology, Geography, Modern His...

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा के लिए केवल 30 दिन शेष हैं और इस समय यूपीएससी सिविल सेवा के उम्मीदवार काफी व्याकुल होंगे। क्या पढ़ना है, किसका पुनाराभ्यास करना है और शेष समय का उपयोग करते हुए कैसे अधिकतम अंक प्राप्त किये जाए, ये प्रश्न नियमित रूप से अभियार्थियों के दिमाग में आते हैं। जैसा कि परीक्षा का समय निकट है, अभियार्थियों को परीक्षा और मौसम दोनों की गर्मी महसूस हो रही होगी। इसलिए, चाहे आप पहली बार परीक्षा देने जा रहे हों या एक अनुभवी उम्मीदवार हैं जिन्होंने पहले कई बार प्रारंभिक परीक्षा में सफलता प्राप्त की हो, आइये यूपीएससी सिविल सेवा प्रारंभिक परीक्षा 2017 में इन अंतिम 30 दिनों की महत्ता के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं अगले   30  दिनों   के   लिए  " सरल ,  सुव्यवस्थित ,  सफल "  के   मंत्र   पर   ध्यान   केंद्रित   करें अपनी   तैयारी   को   सरल   कैसे   करें ? मुख्य   विषयों   फोकस रखें सबसे पहले, इन पलों में हड़बड़ी न दिखाए और अपने अध्ययन क्षेत्र को और न बढ़ाये। इसके बजाय  पाठ्...

  राजनीति एक  ऐसा विषय है, जिसमें कई बार  बहुत सीधे प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं, यदि आप जानते हो तो इन्हें हल करन बहुत आसान है। चूंकि प्रतिस्पर्धा बहुत कठिन है और हर एक अंक की गिनती ह...